![]() ![]() CIM is in the name of almost all the cmdlets. These new cmdlets are called “CIM-based” cmdlets, meaning they work with the CIM standard. New cmdlets were created in PowerShell v3.0 to take advantage of WinRM. WMI has similar controls you can put in place, but they are much harder to configure and are not secure by default. ![]() By default, PSRemoting uses Kerberos to authenticate users and determine what level of access they should have on the remote computer. Also, PSRemoting leverages Active Directory for authentication. All traffic is encrypted by default even when using an insecure protocol like HTTP. The WSMan protocol uses ports 59 and those ports connect via HTTP and HTTPS. WinRM uses the WSMan protocol to transfer data between computers securely. Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is the service on a Windows computer that creates and maintains the connection to another computer on a Windows network. It uses the Web Services for Management protocol (WS-Man) for data transfer between computers instead of DCOM and needs only two ports to make a secure connection.įrom a security perspective, the default configuration for PSRemoting is secure by default. In 2012, Microsoft addressed these concerns by releasing a new version of WMI called Windows Remote Management (WinRM) or more commonly called PSRemoting. The dynamic range of ports and the number of ports needed to make a successful connection make security pros nervous about using WMI on a corporate network. For a WMI connection to succeed, the remote computer must permit incoming network traffic on TCP ports 135, 445, and additional dynamically assigned ports between 1024 to 1034. However, accessing from a remote pc is different between the two at the network level. When accessing local data, WMI and CIM are nearly identical except for minor cosmetic differences in the output. Keep in mind, in this example I queried data from my local PC. ![]() PS C:\> Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem | Format-List Here I am querying the Win32_operatingsystem datastore with each cmdlet and you’ll notice the output is identical: PS C:\> Get-WmiObject win32_operatingsystem | Format-List It’s easy to see that WMI and CIM access the same set of data. You need to poke a bunch of big holes in a firewall to make it work. The main knock against WMI is that it isn’t very firewall-friendly. WMI was Microsoft’s solution for how to use CIM on remote computers over a network. Microsoft added DCOM and RPC to the CIM management framework along with other small changes and called it the Windows Management Interface. It’s an industry standard that’s been around for many years, but it has no method included to access data on a remote computer. The “Common Information Model” (CIM) is an open-source standard for accessing and displaying information about a computer. What? Aren’t CIM and WMI different? Actually, they have more in common than not. If you’re paying close attention, you’ll see that abbreviation for Common Information Model is CIM. A lesser-known fact is that WMI is based on the “Common Information Model” standard of how to display managed data in an easy-to-read format. Windows Management Interface (WMI) is a well-known management interface that can access data about a computer. What’s the difference between these management interfaces? Which one should you use, and why? A history lesson on WMI and CMI Sysadmins have been using WMI for years, and then Microsoft gave us data access via CIM with the rollout of PowerShell v3.0. PowerShell provides two similar management interfaces for accessing data on a computer: WMI and CIM. ![]()
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